Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its treatment policy. The central role of insulin in glucose metabolism regulation was clearly. Clearly, the hyperglycaemia of both type 1 and 2 diabetes results from the failure of. Being 40 years of age or older having a close relative parent or sibling who has type 2 diabetes being a member of a. Classification and prevalence of gestational diabetes.
The main marker of diabetes is high blood sugar glucose. The following are reproducible patient education handouts available in pdf format. Healthy food choices for people with diabetes what can i eat. The handouts are available in both english and spanish and two literacy levels. Click on any of the links below to access helpful materials on managing all aspects of diabetes that can be printed and given to your patients. A large part of it is making choices about the foods you eat. Among the demographic associations for type 2 diabetes are older age, race ethnicity, male sex, and socioeconomic. There is a total lack of insulin in type 1 diabetes, while in type 2 diabetes, the peripheral tissues resist the effects of insulin. An additional 86 million have prediabetes, putting them at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes 9.
Prediabetes means that your blood sugar is higher than normal but not high enough to be called diabetes. The last century has been characterised by remarkable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms leading to hyperglycaemia. Materials and handouts consists of the participant schedule, tools to assist with tracking food, fitness, and weight, and additional resources. The american diabetes association ada formally classifies gdm as diabetes first diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly either preexisting type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Among the demographic associations for type 2 diabetes are older age, raceethnicity, male sex, and socioeconomic status. Living with type 2 diabetes di650105par what is diabetes. Pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is hard for the body to use carbohydrates and fats. Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a chronic hyperglycemic condition resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Living with type 2 diabetes american association of. Diabetes handouts for providers and educators scripps health. While people may have a strong genetic disposition towards type 2 diabetes, the risk is greatly increased if people display a number of modifiable lifestyle factors including high blood pressure, overweight or obesity, insufficient physical activity, poor diet and the. Dr ralph defronzo discusses 8 core defects implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes as described during his ominous octet banting lecture presented in 2008.
Differentiation of diabetes by pathophysiology, natural. Type 2 diabetes is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. These handouts may be reproduced for educational purposes only through the expiration date with credit granted to ddpg. This type of health issue is generally caused by the relative deficiency of the most essential hormone named as insulin. For patients with type 1 diabetes, it is accepted among the scientific community that there is a marked reduction in. The fact that about 80% of people with type 2 diabetes are obese highlights a clear association between type 2 diabetes and obesity abdominal obesity in.
Type 1a diabetes mellitus results from autoimmune destruction of the insulinproducing beta cells in the islets of langerhans. An additional 86 million have prediabetes, putting them at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. This process occurs in genetically susceptible subjects, is probably triggered by one or more environmental agents, and usually progresses over many months or years during which the subject is asymptomatic and euglycemic. Type 2 diabetes, therefore, cannot occur in the absence of betacell abnormalities. Type 1 diabetes happens when the body stops making insulin. View pdf icon pdf 5 mb view pdf icon pdf 21 mb program overview.
Thus, for the clinician and patient, it is less important to label the particular type of diabetes than it is to understand the pathogenesis of the hyperglycemia and to treat it effectively. Diabetes mellitus type 2 pathophysiology medical news. The mysterious symptoms type 2 comic, english spanish. Clinical characteristics of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Step by step guide to easily your type 2 diabetes causes. If you are at risk for type 2 diabetes, you may be able to.
Features type 1 type 2 age of onset usually less than 20 years usually greater than 30 years body mass low wasted to normal obese plasma insulin low or absent normal to high initially plasma glucagon high, can be suppressed high, resistant to suppression. About diabetes type 1 diabetes healthy eating saving money. If you have a family member with diabetes, you have a genetic disposition to the condition. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus endotext ncbi. Americans are living with diabetes, and 86 million are living with prediabetes, a serious health condition that increases a persons risk of type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases cdc 2017 diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the united. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its treatment policy jmaj 531. Type 1 diabetes is the result of an autoimmune reaction to. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. This fact sheet focuses on the pathophysiology of diabetes and explains how glp1 receptor agonist treatments can help address the core defects of diabetes. Diabetes affects the way your body uses food most foods are broken down into glucose, a form of sugar in the blood insulin is needed to move glucose to all the cells in your body the pancreas makes and releases insulin when you eat. Nonimmune type 1b diabetes, occurs secondary to other diseases and is much less common than autoimmune type 1a. In type 2 diabetes, your body does not use insulin properly. It happens when the body does not make enough insulin or cannot use it well.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and the dynamic interactions between all of these different aspects. In this guide, well show you technique diy pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Both lean and especially obese type 2 diabetics are characterized by daylong elevations in the plasma free fatty acid concentration, which fail to suppress normally following ingestion of a mixed meal or. However, the exact threshold for a diagnosis of gdm depends on the criteria used, and so far, there has been a lack of.
In diabetes, the body does not use the food it digests well. High blood sugar can make you very ill and lead to serious health complications. New guide how to pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes free tutorial them at home. It clearly means that human body stops producing required amount of insulin. If you have diabetes, your body either doesnt make enough insulin, it cant use the insulin it does make very well, or both. Diabetes self management patient education materials. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2. Type 2 diabetes occurs when some insulin is made, but the body cannot use it well. Learn how do you pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes showing you how do i your type 2 diabetes causes instead of replacing it. Pathophysiology type 2 diabetes normally results from the progressive development of insulin resistance eg, in liver and muscle cells and the subsequent dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells. Materials to help educate and support your patients with diabetes.
Patient education handouts previously called patient education slicks the following are reproducible patient education handouts available in pdf format. The pathophysiology of diabetes is related to the levels of insulin within the body, and the bodys ability to utilize insulin. Diabetes is a problem with your body that causes blood glucose sugar levels to rise higher than normal. Genetic causes many people with type 2 diabetes have a family member with either type 2 diabetes or other medical problems associated with diabetes, such as high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, or obesity. Two general approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm have been advocated. Type 2 diabetes mellitus formerly called noninsulindependent diabetes causes abnormal carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism associated with.
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder associated with an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular disease. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. This ailment is a disease state which involves the dysfunction of insulinproducing pancreatic beta cells, insulin hormone resistance in cells of the. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas cant make enough insulin and the body cells cant respond properly to the insulin. Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus american family. Making choices managing diabetes from day to day is up to you. Type 1 diabetes typically happens to people under the age of 30 and cannot be. More handouts about this and other topics can be found at. Type 1 diabetes mellitus t1dm is a chronic, lifelong disorder of glucose homeostasis characterized by autoimmune destruction of the insulinproducing pancreatic bcell, leading progressively to. The types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and a condition called gestational diabetes, which happens when pregnant. Pdf the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and. Type 2 dm results from interaction between genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors 5,6.
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